Renoir, (Pierre-)Auguste
法国画家。父亲是利摩日的裁缝，1844年全家迁居巴黎。十三岁时当陶瓷装饰工，晚间学习绘画。与同学莫内建立亲密友谊，後成为巴黎印象派画家的重要成员。他的早期作品是真实生活的印象派快照，充满闪耀的彩色和光线。早期的杰作包括《煎饼磨坊》（1876）和《船上的午餐》（1881）。1881～1882年间到义大利访问，研究了拉斐尔的绘画，在他的画中注入了明晰线条和光滑着色的表现力。1880年代中期，他与印象主义决裂，而在作品中应用更有训练的正规技术，如作品《浴女》（1884～1887），强调容量、形式、轮廓和线条。在後来的作品中，他离开古典的严格规则来画多彩的静物、肖像、裸体以及他於1907年定居的法国南部的风景。1912年风湿病把他限制在轮椅上，但他从不停止作画，常常将画笔固定在手上。尚.雷诺瓦是他的儿子。
1841～1919年
Renoir, (Pierre-)Auguste
French painter. His father, a tailor in Limoges, moved with his large family to Paris in 1844. Renoir began working as a decorator of porcelain at 13 and studied painting at night. He formed a close friendship with his fellow student Claude Monet and became a leading member of the Paris Impressionists. His early works were typically Impressionist snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light. Among his early masterpieces are Le Moulin de la Galette (1876) and The Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881). A visit to Italy (1881-82) introduced him to Raphael and the expressive force of clear line and smooth painting, and by the mid-1880s he had broken with Impressionism to employ a more disciplined, formal technique. In works such as Bathers (1884-87), he emphasized volume, form, contours, and line. In his later works, he departed from the strict rules of Classicism to paint colorful still lifes, portraits, nudes, and landscapes of southern France, where he settled in 1907. Rheumatism confined him to a wheelchair by 1912, but he never ceased to paint, often with his brush attached to his hand. Jean Renoir was his son.
